Compare Macau (2002) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2007)

Compare Macau (2002) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2007)

	Macau (2002)	British Indian Ocean Territory (2007)

Administrative divisions	none (special administrative region of China)	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439) 15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	rice, vegetables	-
Airports	1 (2001)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 54,400 sq km land: 60 sq km; Diego Garcia 44 sq km water: 54,340 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago of 55 islands
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC	land area is about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate	12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $1.15 billion expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)	-
Climate	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline	41 km	698 km
Constitution	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"	-
Country name	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
Currency	pataca (MOP)	-
Death rate	3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$1.5 billion (1998)	-
Dependency status	special administrative region of China	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago including Diego Garcia; in 2001, the former inhabitants of the Chagos Archipelago, evicted in 1967 and 1973 and now residing chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation; in May 2006, the High Court of London reversed U.K. Government's 2004 orders of council that banned habitation on the islands; a small group of Chagossians visited Diego Garcia in April 2006; repatriation is complicated by the exclusive US military lease of Diego Garcia that restricts access to the largest viable island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	-
Economy - overview	Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry.	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where a joint UK-US military facility is located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installation are performed by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the native Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing. The territory makes money by selling fishing licenses and postage stamps.
Electricity - consumption	1.476 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	1 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	175 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	1.4 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other	-
Exchange rates	patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Leigh TURNER (since July 2006); Administrator Tony HUMPHRIES (since February 2005); note - both reside in the UK and are represented by the officer commanding British Forces on Diego Garcia cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)	-
Exports - commodities	clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras	-
Exports - partners	US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	0.5% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	22 10 N, 113 33 E	6 00 S, 71 30 E; note - Diego Garcia 7 20 S, 72 25 E
Geography - note	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland	archipelago of 55 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Highways	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	$2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000)	-
Imports - commodities	clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock	-
Imports - partners	China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000)	-
Independence	none (special administrative region of China)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys	-
Infant mortality rate	4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-2% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km
Judicial branch	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region	-
Labor force	218,000 (2001)	-
Labor force - by occupation	restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)	-
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 81.78 years male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China	archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	not specified	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day	-
Nationality	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese	-
Natural hazards	typhoons	NA
Natural resources	NEGL	coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate	9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]	-
Population	461,833 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s; in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in November 2004, there were approximately 4,000 UK and US military personnel and civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	1.75% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Macau	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	160,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies	-
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: country code (Diego Garcia) - 246; international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	176,902 (November 2001)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	158,251 (November 2001)	-
Television broadcast stations	0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	generally flat	flat and low (most areas do not exceed two meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate	1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	6.5% (2001 est.)	-
Waterways	none	-

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